As known, in order to produce green pellets, bentonite binder (< 1 wt%) and moisture (89 wt%) is added to the iron ore concentrates powder with particle size of less than 45 microns. Then, the mixture of raw materials is transformed into the 916 mm diameter green pellet by balling disk [ 5 ].
Although bentonite clay is the most commonly used binder, there are many other possibilities that could be competitive in a number of situations. This article reviews the numerous types of binders (both organic and inorganic) that have been considered for iron ore pelletization, including discussion of the binding mechanisms, advantages and ...
Humic substancebased binder (HB) has been found to be an effective substitution for bentonite in the production of iron ore pellets. In this study, it was found that the preheating time needed to be prolonged during the pelletization processing which is a remarkable feature of pellets with HB instead of bentonite.
In order to pelletize iron ore fines and/or concentrate, a binder is needed. Binder selection can vary from process to process depending on the unique goals of the project at hand, but bentonite clay is a common choice for iron ore. Various additives may also be included with the feedstock to improve performance in the blast furnace.
fine concentrate. The most commonly employed one is pelletizing in iron ore industry. In pelletizing, iron ore, water and a binder are balled in a mechanical disc or drum to produce agglomerates. Bentonite is the most widely used binder. However, it is considered as an impurity due to its high SiO 2 and Al 2O 3 content. Many researchers have ...
Iron ore pellets are spheres of typically 616 mm ( in) to be used as raw material for blast furnaces. They typically contain 6472% Fe and various additional material adjusting the chemical composition and the metallurgic properties of the pellets. [3] Typically limestone, dolomite and olivine is added and Bentonite is used as binder.
In the pelletization process, the iron ore fines are converted into green pellets using drum or disc pelletizer, wherein binder and moisture are added to provide the necessary green strength. The green pellets being fragile are subsequently transferred to induration furnace, wherein the green pellets get fired to achieve the desired properties ...
Bentonite is a significant cost item in iron ore pelletization, and also contributes undesirable amounts of silica to the finished pellets. If the binding effectiveness of bentonite is increased, it will be possible to reduce the bentonite dosage, resulting in significant cost savings while producing higher quality, lower silica pellets.
In the magnetite iron ore pelletization process, oxidation of magnetite followed by sintering of the oxidized magnetite (hematite) is desirable. Optimum preheating time temperature and roasting time temperature is required to get the desired properties of the pellets with magnetite, hematite, and hematitemagnetite blend. In order to utilize the magnetite resources in a current ...
With the growing numbers of iron ore pelletization industries in India, various impacts on environment and health in relation to the workplace will rise. ... tanks before being fed through pressure filters and mixed with the additives. The purpose of the additives limestone, bentonite, coke, and anthracite was to improve the physical and ...
Pellet ore not only has excellent metallurgical and mechanical properties, but is also an important metallurgical raw material used to solve the problem of increasing depletion of global highgrade iron ore resources. Bentonite has long been widely used in pellet ore production, which is not only expensive but also causes serious metallurgical pollution. Organic binders can form stronger ...
Humic substancebased binder (HB) has been found to be an effective substitution for bentonite in the production of iron ore pellets. In this study, it was found that the preheating time needed to be prolonged during the pelletization processing which is a remarkable feature of pellets with HB instead of bentonite. As far as the oxidation behaviors were concerned, a manifest oxidation ...
ABSTRACT Humic substances exist widely in lignite coal as high molecular weight organic molecules. They can be used as binders in iron ore pelletization mostly in the form of salt, such as sodium humate and amine humate via extraction from lignite coal. It is worth determining if lignite can be used as a binder without extraction. As a composite binder of organic and inorganics, due to the ...
CCS was measured for 20 pellets in a compression testing machine (SETT2000, Shanta Engineering, Mumbai, India) following the standard procedure of ISO 4700. ... Bentonite is the most common binder to be used in iron ore pelletization. However, bentonite contributes to additional alumina and silica in the pellet, decreasing the iron content ...
ABSTRACT The addition of pellet binders often represents a compromise between the pellet grade and quality measures as strength, reducibility, and dustiness. Each inorganic compound present within the pellet plays a specific role in each aspect of creating a highquality pellet. This review seeks to clarify the roles of both binders and coincidentally present inorganic compounds to highlight ...
fine concentrate. The most commonly employed one is pelletizing in iron ore industry. In pelletizing, iron ore, water and a binder are balled in a mechanical disc or drum to produce agglomerates. Bentonite is the most widely used binder. However, it is considered as an impurity due to its high SiO 2 and Al 2O 3 content. Many researchers have ...
Bentonite is the traditionally used binder in iron ore pelletization. However, it consists of up to 85% silica and alumina which are undesired acidic gangue in ironmaking.
This study illustrates the feasibility of pelletizing magnetite iron ore concentrate using four organic binders: KemPel, Alcotac CS, Alcotac FE16, and CMC, in comparison to bentonite as a reference.
binders added to bentonite, to form a hybridbinder system for Iron Ore Pelletization. The kinetics of the agglomeration process and resulting properties of green pellets
Finely ground bentonite of size − 75 microns, comprising of SiO 2 (%) and Al 2 O 3 (%) was used for comparative study with the developed binder. All the raw materials including iron ore, Kimberlite, binder, etc. were kept in the air oven at 105 °C for minimum 12 h before carrying out pelletization studies.
⋅ Iron ore pelletization with bentonite binder works by a different binding mechanism than with FBB. Bentonite is a physical binder, while FBB is a pozzolanic binder. ⋅ Iron ore concentrate pellets produced with up to 50% of the bentonite replaced by flyash exceeded minimum industrial specifications for dry compressive strength.
A brief introduction to recent developments in iron ore pelletizing is provided in this chapter, including the world output of fired pellets, pellet production processes, preparation of pellet feed, inorganic and organic binders, and new additives.
... Several studies and research have already been conducted to test organic binders as alternative binders to bentonite [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]. A combination of...
Bentonite is the most used binder due to favorable mechanical and metallurgical pellet properties, but it contains impurities especially silica and alumina. The importance of many researches concerning alternative binders is also discussed in this chapter.
The selection of an appropriate binder type and dosage is of critical importance in producing good quality pellets at a reasonable price. Binders accomplish two very important functions in iron ore pelletization: The binder makes the moist ore plastic, so that it will nucleate seeds that grow at a controlled rate into wellformed pellets.
Keywords: HA, modified bentonite, characterization, iron ore, pelletization Abstract A new kind of iron ore pellet binder named humic acid modifying bentonite (HAMB) has been developed by the author's group, which has the advantages of both organic HA and inorganic bentonite. The green pellet strength can be obviously improved by
The goals stemming from the final reduction process are drawn back through the pelletization process to present a clear rationale for why each material can be used to control the pellet quality. Major inorganic binders such as bentonite, colemanite, and lime are examined along with less commonly used alternatives.
HighLOI iron ore fines are required for detailed laboratory pelletization studies and are used in pellet making. The received iron ore is martitegoethitic and hematitegoethitic form of ore with high LOI content. The iron ore consists of % Fe, % SiO2, % Al2O3, % moisture and % LOI. From thermogravimetric analysis, the ...
Historically, bentonite has been used in the agglomeration process in North American iron ore plants. In 1986, Eveleth Mines replaced bentonite with Peridur, a carboxy methyl cellulose organic binder used in conjunction with 1% limestone. Since May of 1993, Allied Colloids` Alcotac FE8 has been used by Eveleth as the replacement for bentonite.
FOR IRON ORE PELLE"nZATION By Larry A. Haas,1 Jeffrey A. Aldinger,2 and Robert K. Zahl3 ABSTRACT The Bureau of Mines investigated the use of organic binders as substitutes for bentonite in agglomerating iron ore concentrate. Over 30 organic binders were evaluated at several dosage levels in laboratory tests.
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